Telangana SCERT 8th class social studies 21st lesson (Performing Arts and Artistes in Modern Times) question answers according to your textbook syllabus.
TEXTBOOK KEYWORDS
1. Cymbals
“Cymbals” are like big, shiny metal plates. When you bang them together, they make a loud noise. You hear them a lot in music, especially in bands and orchestras.
2. Anklets
“Anklets” are jewelry for your ankles. They’re usually chains or small round ornaments that you wear around your ankle. They make a little noise when you walk, like a gentle jingle.
3. Mime
A “mime” is someone who acts out stories without speaking. They use gestures, facial expressions, and body movements to tell a story. It’s like watching a silent movie performed live on stage.
4. Tarangam
“Tarangam” is a difficult part of Kuchipudi dance. Dancers balance on a plate, holding water on their heads and candles in their hands. It shows skill and grace in movement.
5. Nattuvanars
“Nattuvanars” are male dance teachers, They’re usually sons of female dancers (devadasis), They’re experts in teaching dance steps.
IMPROVE YOUR LEARNING QUESTION ANSWERS
1 Correct the false statements:
a. All dance forms emerged as part of devotion.
b. Historically, artistes were supported by big zamindars.
c. Burrakatha was adopted to mobilise people.
d. Today, Bharatanatyam is largely taught by nattuvanars.
Ans: a) False ( True statement: All dance forms are emerged are part of devotion, except Bharatanatyam and Kuvuranji. )
b) True
c) True
d) False ( True statement: Today, Bharatanatyam is largely taught by the experienced teachers.)
2. Discuss the changes that have come about in the lives of folks artistes during the last 50 years?
Ans: In order to earn a livelihood, some artists travel to various places. They were greatly welcomed to the villages for entertainment and were treated as great artistes. The village headman or the landlord or villagers sponsored these artists. The villages also provided food grains to them. They were given much importance in the celebrations of temple festivals and annual village festivals. The villagers believed that their performances would take away the evil forces and bring rain.
At present, people are not interested in such traditional art forms due to the development of modern technology. people are attracted towards television and film which are the modern means of information and entertainment. it became very difficult for the artists to earn their livelihood as landlords and headmen had stopped to support and sponsor them. As they were traveling to different places they did not have a modern school education. The only option left for them was to work as unskilled labour to earn their livelihood.
3. Do you think folk arts are declining? What loss do you think it will cause to our culture?
Ans: Yes, folk arts are declining and are completely disappearing in the modern times. Cultural heritage is the backbone of the country. decline of folk arts will have a great impact on the culture. Also the following situations may take place.
1 People cannot get the aesthetic experiences given by folk artists.
2 No propagation of spiritual messages.
3 There is no criticisization of the problems in the society.
4 People miss the entertainment with their jokes and stories.
Some of their special songs, special language and special words used by folk artistes are also missed.
4. Is it possible to orient folk arts to new requirements of modern life and revive them?
Ans: Yes, it is possible to orient folk art to new requirements of modern life to some extent only.
1 The government should take an initiative to patronise folk arts.
2 Folk art should be utilised and performed to spread social issues like literacy, AIDS and environmental pollution, which could enlighten the people and encourage artists as well.
3 The performances should be telecasted over television for a wider reach.
5. what are the major changes that have taken place in Bharatanatyam dance since the days of sadir?
Ans: About hundred years ago, the name Bharatanatyam was not in use. At present, Bharatanatyam represents to a dance form of Tamilnadu. Todays Bharatanatyam is originated from sadir Natyam. In olden days, Devadasi performed such dances in temples as part of their worship. The meaning of the word devadasi is dasi/slave and deva-god. They are considered as slaves of god and are dedicated to temple services. Their dance was considered as an important part in the worship of god.
Parents had given their young daughters as offerings to god. They were not allowed to marry. priests and other powerful men exploited these girls. The children of a devadasi also continue the same tradition. These families are experts in music and dance. The male children of devadasi are called Nattuvanars. They are the dance masters and maintain these traditions for next generations. Between 1934 and 1947, Bombay and Madras presidencies, a law was passed to stop the devadasi system. In Hyderabad, Bhagya Reddy Varna organised campaigns against the system and made the Nizam to end the system.
By the late 20th century, Bharatanatyam after its revival gained lot of demand. The existing infrastructure was increased to learn and also to support, maintain the level of art. At present, the wide spread of Bharatanatyam can be seen in the demand of the people for learning it them in the increase of sponsors or audions.
6. Who among the following were the supporters of devadasi system and those who opposed it and who wanted to reform it? Balasaraswati, Rukmini Devi, Veeresaligam, Bhagya Reddy Varma, Krishna Iyer, Bangalore Nagaratnamma.
Ans: Supporters of Devadasi System: Balasaraswati, Krishna Iyer and Bangalore Nagarathnamma.
People Against Devadasi System: veerasalingam and Bhagya Reddy Varma
Rukmini Devi wanted to reform Devadasi system.
7. Why has it always been difficult for artistes to earn their livelihood by practicing their art? How can artistes be supported to stand on their own feet?
Ans: 1 It has become very difficult for the artist to earn their livelihood because they need to travel to different places to give their performances.
2 Today, the modern means of communication such as television, internet and films are providing more entertainment and attracting the people.
3 Most of the people are not encouraging folk arts
The following are the various ways to support them.
1 Government should patronise the artists.
2 Their performances should be telecasted on television.
3 Some of the village heads should sponsor the artists.
4 their performances should be conducted during festivals and special occasions.
8. Collect and prepare a table with the information about arts and dramas performed by the artistes of your area?
Ans: information of arts and dramas performed by the artistes of our area.
| Arts and dramas | artists |
| 1 Ramayam Natakam 2 Bathukamma dance 3 Gusadi nrityam 4 kolatam nrityam | 1 Village people 2 Village women and girls 3 Rajgond people 4 Rajgond people |